Mechanical Ventilation Past, Present, and Future

Learning objectives

1. 1Examine the historical development of mechanical ventilation from negative-pressure devices to modern positive-pressure ventilators and their impact on patient care.
2. 2Identify the physiological principles underlying mechanical ventilation, including determinants of gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, and cardiopulmonary interactions.
3. 3Explain evolving protective ventilation strategies, monitoring techniques, and future directions in mechanical ventilation, including artificial intelligence and personalized care.