Learning objectives
- 1Identify the primary pharmacological and regional anesthetic techniques for managing pain following craniotomy, including their efficacy, mechanisms of action, and limitations.
- 2Compare the benefits and risks of analgesic approaches for postcraniotomy pain, including NSAIDs, acetaminophen, opioids, adjuvant medications, and regional techniques.
- 3Discuss the evidence for enhanced recovery protocols and multimodal analgesia in neurosurgical patients, including considerations for both acute and chronic pain management.